In recent decades, industrial food has taken an important place in the diet of families in the Pacific Islands. Despite the growing consumption of imported products including rice, the landscapes of Pacific Island cities are dotted with traditional crop plots alongside small dwellings, shacks and huts. The omnipresence of gardens in the city has led us to question the contribution of traditional agricultural products in the diet of city dwellers and their role in the health of families. We studied agriculture in the peri-urban neighbourhoods of eastern and northern Port Vila, Vanuatu, along with surveys on the frequency of food in schools. The first results have shown the importance of allotment gardens in the diet of urban populations and the consequences of new eating habits on the health of school populations. These results open up new perspectives for multidisciplinary research in the urgent context of climate change.