Vanuatu’s Enhanced Nationally Determined Contributions 2020-2030 (updated) was developed with support from the Climate Action Enhancement Package through the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP).The first section of this report provides an overview of Vanuatu’s national circumstances, including its geographic profile, climate and climate change impacts, environment and natural resources, socioeconomic characteristics (population, health and education), economy and key economic sectors (energy, transport and infrastructure (roads, aviation and shipping), industry, tourism, agriculture, fisheries and aquaculture.The second section highlights the Republic of Vanuatu’s long-term vision for climate change and its aspirations along with key policy perspectives.The third section reviews the assessment of GHG emission sectors in Vanuatu as defined by the IPCC. The assessment includes Vanuatu’s GHG emission profile as reported under the first, second and draft third national GHG inventory reports.The fourth section includes the sectoral GHG mitigation potential assessment for each IPCC sector and subsectors applicable to Vanuatu.The fifth section includes a comprehensive list of additional potential mitigation measures identified for each of the relevant IPCC sectors and subsectors, along with potential GHG emissions reduction and emissions scenarios under enhanced NDCs, or WAM.The sixth section of the report covers Vanuatu’s monitoring, reporting and verification (MRV) system. The integrated MRV tool that the country uses makes it possible to routinely compile data and information that help to track progress towards the realization of the NDC targets, including the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).The last section of this report presents the means by which climate actions and NDCs can be implemented in Vanuatu. This addresses primarily the institutional arrangements and structures in place for NDC implementation, MRV and execution of government policies, programmes and actions, including the enhanced NDCs.