Subject
MESH: Adolescent, MESH: Adult, MESH: Genetic Variation, MESH: HTLV-I Antibodies, MESH: HTLV-I Infections, MESH: Human T-lymphotropic virus 1, MESH: Humans, MESH: Infant, MESH: Infant, Newborn, MESH: Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical, MESH: Male, MESH: Melanesia, MESH: Agglutination, MESH: Middle Aged, MESH: Molecular Epidemiology, MESH: Pedigree, MESH: Phylogeny, MESH: Polymerase Chain Reaction, MESH: Rural Population, MESH: Seroepidemiologic Studies, MESH: Species Specificity, MESH: Vanuatu, MESH: Child, MESH: Child, Preschool, MESH: Cross-Sectional Studies, MESH: Evolution, MESH: Female, MESH: Fluorescent Antibody Technique, MESH: Gene Products, env, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology

Domains
Santé, Biologie, Sciences du vivant

Description

International audience BACKGROUND: Melanesia is endemic for human T lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) subtype C. In 2005, we identified 4 infected women from Ambae Island, Vanuatu. Subsequently, 4247 Ni-Vanuatu originating from 18 islands were enrolled to define HTLV-1 epidemiological determinants and to characterize the viral strains molecularly. METHODS: Plasma from 1074 males and 3173 females were screened for HTLV-1/2 antibodies by particle agglutination (PA) and an immunofluorescence assay (IFA). Positive and/or borderline samples were then tested by a Western blot (WB) confirmatory assay. DNAs were amplified to obtain a 522-bp env gene fragment. Phylogenetic and molecular-clock analyses were performed. RESULTS: Of 4247 samples, 762 were positive and/or borderline by IFA/PA, and 26 of them were confirmed to be HTLV-1 positive by WB. The overall HTLV-1 seroprevalence was 0.62%. Viral transmission was found within families of infected index case patients. A geographic heterogeneity of HTLV-1 seroprevalence was observed among the islands. All 41 of the new env sequences belonged to HTLV-1 subtype C. Phylogenetic and molecular-clock analyses suggested that Ni-Vanuatu and Solomon Islander strains emerged from a common ancestor ~10,000 years ago. CONCLUSION: The Vanuatu archipelago is endemic for HTLV-1 with a diversity of subtype C variants. These strains were probably introduced into Vanuatu during ancient migration of the original settlers a few thousand years ago.

Keywords

Language
English (en-GB)

Creators
Cassar, Olivier, Capuano, Corinne, Bassot, Sylviane, Charavay, Françoise, Duprez, Renan, Afonso, Philippe V., Abel, Myriam, Walter, Helene, Mera, Woreka, Martin, Paul M V, Chungue, Eliane, Gessain, Antoine

Contributors
Epidémiologie et Physiopathologie des Virus Oncogènes ; Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Pasteur de Nouvelle-Calédonie ; Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), World Health Organization/Organisation Mondiale de la Santé ; World Health Organization/Organisation Mondiale de la Santé, Ministry of Health ; Ministry of Health [Mozambique], Vanuatu Family Health Association ; Vanuatu Family Health Association

Sources
ISSN: 0022-1899, EISSN: 1537-6613, Journal of Infectious Diseases, https://hal-pasteur.archives-ouvertes.fr/pasteur-00531356, Journal of Infectious Diseases, Oxford University Press (OUP), 2007, 196 (4), pp.510-21. ⟨10.1086/519167⟩

Relation
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1086/519167
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/pmid/17624835

Coverage
Vanuatu, Melanesia

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