Subject
SO2 budget, Vanuatu volcanoes, [SDU.STU.VO]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Volcanology, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes

Domains
Géologie, Volcanologie, Sciences de la Terre, Sciences de l'environnement

Description

International audience The spatial and temporal coverage of measurements of previous termvolcanicnext term gas emissions remains patchy. However, over the last decade, emissions inventories have improved thanks to new measurements of some of the lesser-known previous termvolcanicnext term areas. We report on one such region - the Vanuatu island arc, in the Southwest Pacific - for which we now have sufficient systematic observations to offer a systematic emissions inventory. Our new estimate is based on SO2 flux measurements made in the period 2004-2009 with ultraviolet spectroscopy techniques for the following volcanoes: Yasur, Lopevi, Ambrym, Ambae, Gaua and Vanua Lava (from south to north). These are the first ever measurements for Lopevi, Gaua and Vanua Lava. The results reveal the Vanuatu arc as one of Earth's prominent sources of previous termvolcanicnext term degassing with a characteristic annual emission to the atmosphere of ~ 3 Tg of SO2 (representing about 20% of hitherto published global estimates). Our new dataset highlights the sustained prodigious degassing of Ambrym volcano, whose 5 Gg d-1 mean flux of SO2 represents nearly two-thirds of the total budget for the Vanuatu arc. This confirms Ambrym as one of the largest previous termvolcanic sources worldwide comparable to Etna, often considered as the most vigorous source of previous termvolcanic emission on Earth. We also report a high degassing for Ambae of ~ 2 Gg d-1 SO2, representing more than 28 % of the Vanuatu arc budget. Thus, 90 % of the SO2 output from Vanuatu is focused in the central part of the arc (from Ambrym and Ambae) where magmas originate from enriched Indian-type mantle and where peculiar tectonic conditions could favour high magma production rates.

Keywords

Language
English (en-GB)

Creators
Bani, Philipson, Oppenheimer, Clive, Allard, Patrick, Shinohara, Hiroshi, Tsanev, Vitchko, Carn, Simon, Lardy, Michel, Garaebiti, Esline

Contributors
Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans (LMV) ; Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC) ; Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [Nouvelle-Calédonie]), University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans (ISTO) ; Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université de Tours (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP) ; Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPG Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute of Geology and Geoinformation (Geological Survey of Japan) ; National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Department of Geological and Mining Engineering and Sciences ; Michigan Technological University (MTU), Vanuatu Meteorological and Gehazards Department ; Vanuatu Meteorological and Gehazards Department, Volgaspec projects 2007-2010 from the Fond Pacifique UK Natural Environment Research Council for support via the national centre for earth observation "Dynamic Earth and gehazards" program., ANR-06-CATT-0002,ARC-VANUATU,Dynamique eruptive et cycle sismique dans l'arc de Vanuatu(2006)

Sources
ISSN: 0377-0273, Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, https://hal-insu.archives-ouvertes.fr/insu-00638268, Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 2012, 211-212, pp.36-46. ⟨10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2011.10.005⟩

Relation
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2011.10.005

Coverage
Vanuatu

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