The paper discusses the islands of the great Southern Sea, their distribution, and their influence on human societies. It mentions the change from continental to island life, highlighting the challenges and limitations faced by island populations in terms of progress and development. The paper also explores the role of limited territory in shaping cultural traits and population dispersion on islands. It discusses practices such as infanticide, voyages of exile, subsistence intensification, and adaptations in social structure. The paper references various authors and their works, including James Cowles Prichard, Lewis Henry Morgan, MacArthur and Wilson, Vayda and Rappaport, Goodenough, Sahlins, and Anderson.