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International audience This cross-sectional study assessed sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption and its associations with the sociodemographic and physical characteristics, behavior and knowledge of New Caledonian adolescents. The survey data of 447 adolescents from ages 11 to 16 years were collected in five secondary public schools of New Caledonia between July 2015 and April 2016. These data included measured height and weight, SSB consumption, sociodemographic characteristics, body weight perception, physical activity, and knowledge (sugar quantity/SSB unit; energy expenditure required to eliminate a unit) and opinions about the SSB-weight gain relationship. Ninety percent of these adolescents declared regularly drinking SSBs. Quantities were associated with living environment (1.94 L•week −1 in urban environment vs. 4.49 L•week −1 in rural environment, p = 0.001), ethnic community (4.77 L•week −1 in Melanesians vs. 2.46 L•week −1 in Caucasians, p < 0.001) and knowledge about energy expenditure (6.22 L•week −1 in unknowledgeable adolescents vs. 4.26 L•week −1 in adolescents who underestimated, 3.73 L•week −1 in adolescents who overestimated, and 3.64 L•week −1 in adolescents who correctly responded on the energy expenditure required to eliminate an SSB unit, p = 0.033). To conclude, community-based health promotion strategies should (1) focus on the physical effort needed to negate SSB consumption rather than the nutritional energy from SSB units and (2) highlight how to achieve sustainable lifestyles and provide tools for greater understanding and positive action.