The paper presents the discovery of a new species of meiolaniid horned turtle, named ?M. damelipi, in Vanuatu, Southwest Pacific, which provides insights into the coexistence of humans and megafauna in the region.  The fossils of ?M. damelipi date back to approximately 3,100 to 2,900 years before present, making them the oldest turtle fossils found in the Pacific Islands, and suggest that meiolaniid horned turtles survived in Vanuatu until early human settlement.